Haiku: An Indian Perspective
Written by Dr. Angelee Deodhar
India, with eighteen officially recognized languages, uses English as an additional official language. The Indo-Aryan languages evolved from Sanskrit. Hindi is the official language of the Government of India, and is also the official language of six states. Hindi has several dialects. Haiku has not gained popularity in India for several reasons. Although the haiku poem was known to poets as far back as the beginning of the twentieth century it did not become popular and the spread of Haiku poetry was sporadic. The Indian Nobel Laureate, Rabindranath Tagore, who wrote eloquently about Japanese culture and literary heritage. He was aware of the haiku poem and his collection of haiku like poems 'Fireflies' was published in English and Bengali. In 1916 the other national poet - Subramania Bharati wrote a long under the title -Japaniyat Kavitai (Japanese poetry) which was a lengthy critical appraisal of haiku where Bharati examined at length the opinion on haiku poems expressed by a Japanese poet, Yone Noguchi.A three day seminar on 'Impact of Haiku in Indian literature' was held at the Institute of Asian Studies based in Chennai (Madras) from 29th-31st of March 2000.Several poets from India and Japan participated in this seminar but till now the abstracts of papers presented there are still not available. The pioneer of haiku is India's first Japanese scholar Prof. Satyabhushan Verma - whose first translation of Japanese haiku into Hindi - 'Japani Kavitaian' was published in 1977.
The able writer appeared to ignore my article on the origin of Haiku in not only Urdu, but also Indo-Pak which clearly mentioned: Tracing the links between Japanese and Urdu poetry, one comes to know that first pieces of Japanese poetry were translated into Urdu in 1922. This was done by Barrister Syed Hassan Abid Jafri, for NIGAAR, the prestigious Urdu literary journal of India. He introduced Haiku, Tanka and some other Japanese verses in his article, titled, “JAAPANI SHA’YERI PER IK NAZAR” [A RANDOM LOOK AT JAPANESE POETRY].
In 1936, a whole ‘Japan Number’ was carried out by the most established literary journal, SAAQUI (Delhi), covering translations and introductory articles on Japanese poetry, especially Haiku. Shahid Ahmed Dehlvi, a well-known penman of his time, edited this journal. Noorul Hasan Berlaas was the man behind all that great work. The translators included Aziz Taman’naee, Fazle Haque Qureshi and Ali Zaheer. These translations were free or somewhat prosaic. At that time, our penmen showed very little interest in it. In the next decade, Hameed Nizami, a renowned Urdu journalist took pain to translate few Haiku. Meerajee, another famous poet is reported to have followed him. These were the initial efforts to introduce this genre in Urdu. It was all that done before the independence in 1947.
(excerpted from my article, ' JAPANESE POETRY IN URDU' self-published in my brainchild, Haiku International, Karachi, Book VI, 2001)
Sohail Ahmed Siddiqui
Founding editor/Publisher, Haiku International
Karachi, Pakistan
In 1981 Prof. Verma started a newsletter in Hindi called 'Haiku'. This was in the form of an aerogramme. This publication was discontinued in 1989. Prof. Satya Bhushan Verma, a professor emeritus of Jawaharlal Nehru University, was chosen for the Masaoka Shiki International Haiku Prize in 2002 .He shared the one million yen prize with an American poet - Cor van den Heuvel.The second Indian whose efforts are to be commended is Prof. B.S. Aggarwala who publishes a Hindi quarterly journal called 'Haiku Bharati', started in 1998 and continuing till today. There are about 300 poets writing in their native mother tongues associated with this quarterly Hindi journal. Some haiku are translated from the original into Hindi, and then published. Prof. Aggarwala, the author of several books in Hindi is currently working on a history of haiku in Hindi.English language haiku in India is slowly finding a foothold and there are quite a few haijin writing in English, but most of these poets' haiku is being published abroad. Some poets are bilingual or multilingual but haiku written in one language does not get easily assimilated into another. One sees every recognized form of the English poem taught in schools all over India,but haiku is not taught.Unfortunately, India does not have any formal haiku association or club. There are some Indian poetry magazines in which haiku are being published in English; however the Indian haiku scene is still far from satisfactory and needs all the help it can get. Books about haiku are still almost non existent and difficult to obtain. Unless haiku is introduced into the schools it will not gain the attention it deserves. The language for the study of haiku in India will have to be English, so that Indian poets can communicate and share haiku with poets worldwide.
